Phys Vivas · pharmacological
Cardiac Glycoside — Viva Defence
DCE viva defence for Cardiac Glycoside.
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Target exams
Cardiac Glycoside Viva
Long Case Viva Defence
Opening statement
"This patient presents with a problem best framed as Cardiac Glycoside. My priorities are to identify red flags, confirm the mechanism with purposeful investigations, start a sequenced management plan, and integrate multimorbidity and follow-up." [1] [2]
Examiner questions
Q1: "What makes this urgent?" [1]
"I look for threats to airway, perfusion, neurology, metabolism, infection or bleeding, and I escalate those before elective work-up." [1] [2]
Q2: "What is your first investigation package?" [2]
"I order tests that change management now, not a scattergun panel." [1] [2]
Q3: "Walk me through treatment." [1]
"Stabilise, treat the mechanism, prevent complications, and plan monitoring." [1] [2] [3]
Q4: "What is the classic trap?" [2]
"Treating a label without confirming the discriminating mechanism, or delaying escalation." [1] [2]
Short case
Counsel the patient on the plan, risks and warning symptoms in plain language. [1] [2]
References
- [1]Kumar A, Ul Haque Z, Rai A Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential and Safety of Terminalia arjuna in Heart Failure Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Ann Afr Med, 2026.PMID 42389976
- [2]Ecker PAM, Schaper A, Bräunig HJ, Seifert R Critical analysis of digitalis glycosides: declining use but increasing poison-center exposure cases for digitoxin Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2026.PMID 42334625
- [3]Maroyi A Evaluation of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Combretum vendae A.E. Van Wyk (Combretaceae) Pak J Biol Sci, 2026.PMID 42316833
- [4]Mehra MR, Vukicevic M, Desai AS Digitalis Today: From Doctrine to Disrepute to Disciplined Reconsideration J Card Fail, 2026.PMID 42331138
- [5]Bavendiek U, Bauersachs J [Digitalis and Heart Failure] Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2026.PMID 42214363
- [6]Jerical C, Ahmed E, Asifa S, Ariba S, et al. Therapeutic Impact of Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin and Digitoxin) in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review Cardiol Rev, 2026.PMID 42132739
- [7]Doan HN, Chang MC Comparative Effectiveness of Unstable Versus Stable Resistance Training on Lower Limb Strength, Mobility, and Fear of Falling in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2026.PMID 42468010
- [8]Liu HW, Tsai TL Virtual Reality-assisted Physiotherapeutic Training for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2026.PMID 42468005