Psych CASC / OSCE · General adult psychiatry — reactive attachment and disinhibited social engagement
Explain residual DSED risk and refuse coercive attachment therapy — CASC communication station
MRCPsych/FRANZCP-style communication station: explain RAD vs DSED, residual course, caregiving and boundary coaching, refuse coercive therapies, and plan depression/comorbidity care without attachment-targeted drugs.
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Target exams
Station brief
Format. Communication station, approximately 7–10 minutes active time after reading. You are the psychiatry registrar in a transition/outpatient clinic. [1]
Candidate instructions. Explain the difference between RAD and DSED, why residual disinhibited features can persist after good care without meaning the parents failed, why holding/rebirthing therapies are not recommended, how to manage stranger risk and low mood, and what adult residual risk means without promising a lifelong "RAD" label. Check understanding. The examiner plays the adoptive parents. [1][2][3]
Candidate scenario
Your patient is 16 with documented early institutional care and a childhood DSED diagnosis. Residual overfamiliarity with strangers continues; mood has been low for 6 weeks. Parents feel blamed and are considering a private coercive attachment programme. You plan boundary coaching, multiagency supervision advice, mood assessment and treatment, and explicit refusal of holding therapy. [1][2][4]
Marking domains
- Empathy, structure, agenda-setting; reduce carer self-blame
- Clear RAD vs DSED explanation (withdrawn vs indiscriminate)
- Insufficient-care aetiology and why residual DSED can persist
- Explicit, firm refusal of coercive holding/rebirthing with rationale
- Practical stranger-risk supervision plan
- Mood/comorbidity plan; no medication "for attachment"
- Adult residual framing without inventing freestanding adult RAD
- Teach-back / shared decision-making [1][2][3]
Reveal assessor key
Open. Name time; ask main worries (blame, lifelong label, holding therapy, safety, mood). Validate stress of parenting after early adversity. [1]
Explain DSED vs RAD. "Reactive attachment disorder is a withdrawn pattern — the child does not seek or accept comfort. Your son's picture fits disinhibited social engagement disorder: too little caution with strangers after very limited early care. They share a cause — extreme insufficient care — but look different and can have different courses." [1][4]
Residual course. "With stable sensitive care, withdrawn features often improve. Indiscriminate friendliness can last longer even when parenting is good — that does not mean you caused it now." [1][4]
Refuse coercion. "We do not recommend holding, rebirthing, or forced-regression therapies. Expert child-maltreatment guidance found them unproven and potentially dangerous. We use relationship-based, non-coercive support." [2]
Safety and mood. Practical supervision for outings and transport; teach stranger-boundary skills; assess depression and treat with psychological care first-line where appropriate; if an antidepressant is needed later it is for depression with standard monitoring — not to 'cure attachment'. [1]
Adult residual. "Some young people after early severe deprivation have ongoing emotional or developmental challenges into adulthood. We treat what is present now and plan transition support — we do not stamp a lifelong 'adult RAD' label as a destiny." [3]
Close. Summarise, teach-back, written safety plan, follow-up, multiagency contacts. [1]
References
- [1]Zeanah CH, Chesher T, Boris NW; AACAP Committee on Quality Issues Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2016.PMID 27806867
- [2]Chaffin M, Hanson R, Saunders BE, Nichols T, et al. Report of the APSAC task force on attachment therapy, reactive attachment disorder, and attachment problems Child Maltreat, 2006.PMID 16382093
- [3]Sonuga-Barke EJS, Kennedy M, Kumsta R, Knights N, et al. Child-to-adult neurodevelopmental and mental health trajectories after early life deprivation: the young adult follow-up of the longitudinal English and Romanian Adoptees study Lancet, 2017.PMID 28237264
- [4]O'Connor TG, Rutter M; English and Romanian Adoptees Study Team Attachment disorder behavior following early severe deprivation: extension and longitudinal follow-up J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2000.PMID 10846304