Psych CASC / OSCE · Emergency psychiatry — violence risk
Assess violence risk and explain the plan — CASC communication station
MRCPsych/FRANZCP-style CASC: gather collateral on violence risk, balance confidentiality with safety, explain dynamic factors and next steps, avoid stigmatising language, involve family appropriately.
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Target exams
Station brief
Format. Communication station, approximately 7–10 minutes active time after reading. You are the psychiatry registrar in ED. The examiner plays a parent of a 28-year-old man with recent-onset psychosis. [1]
Candidate instructions. Take a focused collateral history about threats and violence risk. Explain in plain language how you assess risk without stigmatising all people with mental illness. Outline immediate safety steps and what happens next. Discuss confidentiality limits when others may be at risk. Check understanding. Do not invent specific Mental Health Act section numbers. [1][2]
Candidate scenario
Your patient’s parent says: "He told the neighbour he’d make them pay for ruining his life. He’s barely slept, talking about cameras in the walls. He drinks heavily some nights. We have his father’s old shotgun locked in a shed at the farm. I’m scared but I don’t want him branded as a monster." The patient is in a side room with security nearby and has not yet been fully assessed by you. [3]
Marking domains
- Empathy and non-stigmatising language
- Structured enquiry: threats, intent, target, means (shotgun), substances, sleep, prior violence
- Explains dynamic vs background factors simply
- Immediate safety: weapon, neighbour, observation, assessment plan
- Confidentiality vs duty to protect (principles; jurisdiction-specific detail not invented)
- Clear next steps and safety-net; checks understanding
- Avoids equating psychosis with permanent dangerousness [1][2]
Reveal assessor key
Open. Thank parent for coming; acknowledge fear; name time and purpose; validate that most people with psychosis are not violent while taking this threat seriously. [2]
Collateral. Exact words of threat; timing; access to neighbour; any weapons (shotgun location/keys); alcohol pattern; prior assaults; sleep; medication adherence; what helps calm him. [3]
Explain assessment. We look at history, current symptoms, substances, and access to means and victims — not a label that defines him forever. Prior violence and intoxication raise concern; treatment of psychosis and securing the firearm reduce risk. [1][3]
Plan. Full psychiatric assessment; safe environment; remove/secure shotgun via lawful pathway; consider whether neighbour needs warning/police involvement under local rules; likely need for intensive treatment or admission; substance advice; review and contact points. [1]
Confidentiality. You will share information needed to keep people safe; you will not gossip; patient dignity preserved. Invite questions; summarise. [1]
References
- [1]Buchanan A Risk of violence by psychiatric patients: beyond the "actuarial versus clinical" assessment debate Psychiatr Serv, 2008.PMID 18245161
- [2]Fazel S, Gulati G, Linsell L, et al. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis PLoS Med, 2009.PMID 19668362
- [3]Witt K, van Dorn R, Fazel S Risk factors for violence in psychosis: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 110 studies PLoS One, 2013.PMID 23418482