Psych MEQs / SAQs · Child and adolescent psychiatry — developmental assessment
Developmental assessment in CAP — history, tools, adaptive function and formulation (MEQ)
FRANZCP-style MEQ on developmental assessment in CAP: history, milestones, psychometrics hierarchy, adaptive function, formulation and multiagency care.
On this page & tools
Target exams
Model answer
Reveal model answer
(i) History and milestones. Structured developmental history: pregnancy/preterm course, neonatal period, hearing/vision, milestone ages by motor, language (receptive/expressive), social-emotional, cognitive/play, adaptive domains; regression screen (none here); family developmental history; nursery function; prior advice and services. Map against evidence-informed milestone expectations (most children by age) rather than passive wait-and-see when clearly behind. Multi-informant: parents + nursery.[1][2]
(ii) Tool hierarchy. Surveillance = ongoing concerns + observation + milestone update. Screening = standardised tools (milestone questionnaires; parental-concern tools; age-appropriate ASD risk screens such as M-CHAT-R/F class if within age/window historically or analogue pathway). Diagnostic testing = formal cognitive (age-appropriate battery) and adaptive scales, speech assessment. SDQ is dimensional emotional-behavioural data, not IQ. Screens do not diagnose ASD or ID.[1][3][8]
(iii) Adaptive function. ID/GDD formulation requires intellectual and adaptive deficits with developmental onset. Adaptive domains: conceptual, social, practical everyday skills. IQ alone cannot define disability or support needs.[4][5]
(iv) Differentials and investigations. Language disorder, GDD, ASD, ADHD traits, hearing impairment, sequelae of prematurity, psychosocial contributors. Early: hearing, vision, medical/developmental paediatrics review; consider genetics pathway if GDD/ID confirmed; formal psychometrics and SALT/OT as indicated. EEG/imaging only if neurological red flags.[7][8]
(v) Formulation and plan. Predisposing: prematurity. Precipitating: school entry demand. Perpetuating: delayed access after wait-and-see, unassessed hearing, limited early intervention. Protective: concerned engaged parents, nursery support. Biopsychosocial layers as above. Plan: hearing now; early intervention/SALT; multi-source ASD/developmental evaluation; adaptive + cognitive testing when indicated; educational supports; treat comorbidity later if confirmed; no medication to "create development." Communicate findings with formulation, not score dump.[1][4][6]
Common errors
- Equating M-CHAT or SDQ with diagnosis
- IQ without adaptive function
- Ignoring hearing
- Wait-and-see after clear multi-domain delay
- Medication as first-line for developmental catch-up
References
- [1]Lipkin PH, Macias MM Promoting Optimal Development: Identifying Infants and Young Children With Developmental Disorders Through Developmental Surveillance and Screening Pediatrics, 2020.PMID 31843861
- [2]Zubler JM, Wiggins LD, Macias MM, et al. Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools Pediatrics, 2022.PMID 35132439
- [3]Robins DL, Casagrande K, Barton M, et al. Validation of the modified checklist for Autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) Pediatrics, 2014.PMID 24366990
- [4]Siegel M, McGuire K, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, et al. Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disability J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2020.PMID 33928910
- [5]Tassé MJ, Luckasson R, Schalock RL The Relation Between Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Behavior in the Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability Intellect Dev Disabil, 2016.PMID 27893317
- [6]Winters NC, Hanson G, Stoyanova V The case formulation in child and adolescent psychiatry Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 2007.PMID 17141121
- [7]Moeschler JB, Shevell M Comprehensive evaluation of the child with intellectual disability or global developmental delays Pediatrics, 2014.PMID 25157020
- [8]Volkmar F, Siegel M, Woodbury-Smith M, et al. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2014.PMID 24472258