Psych Vivas · Old age psychiatry — Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer disease — structured clinical viva
Fellowship viva covering McKhann probable AD, ATN research biomarkers caution, donepezil continuation, memantine role, DICE BPSD, antipsychotic mortality, and Appelbaum capacity.
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Target exams
Interpretation
Reveal interpretation
Formulate probable AD dementia (McKhann): insidious progressive amnestic syndrome with IADL interference and no better alternative on available history/imaging pattern. Clinical diagnosis does not require a blood test; emerging blood and CSF/PET biomarkers can increase biological certainty in specialist pathways (ATN: A+T+ as research biological AD) but need counselling, access awareness, and must not replace exclusion of delirium/reversibles. 2024 criteria updates exist — mention awareness without inventing local funding rules.[1][2][3]
Do not automatically stop donepezil because the disease progresses: DOMINO-AD supports cognitive/functional benefit of continuation versus withdrawal in moderate-to-severe AD if tolerated; consider memantine for moderate–severe stages with standard titration and renal caution.[4]
New suspiciousness is BPSD — apply DICE, exclude delirium/medical drivers, non-drug first. Antipsychotics only if severe risk remains: counsel increased mortality risk, time-limit, review.[5][6]
Financial capacity: decision-specific Appelbaum assessment (understand, appreciate, reason, communicate), not automatic incapacity from diagnosis; arrange supports and legal pathways as needed.[7]
Key points
[1] [4] [6]References
- [1]McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups Alzheimers Dement, 2011.PMID 21514250
- [2]Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers Dement, 2018.PMID 29653606
- [3]Jack CR Jr, Andrews JS, Beach TG, et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's Association Workgroup Alzheimers Dement, 2024.PMID 38934362
- [4]Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J, et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease N Engl J Med, 2012.PMID 22397651
- [5]Kales HC, Gitlin LN, Lyketsos CG Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia BMJ, 2015.PMID 25731881
- [6]Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials JAMA, 2005.PMID 16234500
- [7]Appelbaum PS, Grisso T Assessing patients' capacities to consent to treatment N Engl J Med, 1988.PMID 3200278