Psych Vivas · Foundations — biostatistics for psychiatry exams
Biostatistics — structured clinical viva
Fellowship viva covering NNT, p-values, CI, HR, power, and diagnostic predictive values in psychiatry.
On this page & tools
Target exams
Interpretation
Reveal interpretation
NNT. Absolute benefit for response = 0.50 − 0.35 = 0.15 → NNT = 1/0.15 ≈ 7 patients treated for 12 weeks for one extra responder. Prefer this language to relative slogans.[1]
Relative framing. Non-response rates are 50% vs 65%; RRR of non-response = (0.65 − 0.50)/0.65 ≈ 23%, not 43%. The press line may be mixing relative increase in response (0.15/0.35 ≈ 43%) with "risk reduction" wording — demand absolute rates.[1]
p-value. p = 0.008 is compatibility with H0 under the model, not P(drug useless) and not clinical importance by itself.[2]
HR CI. HR 0.72 with CI 0.48–1.08 includes 1 → not conventionally significant; possible benefit remains but so does null — do not claim proven relapse prevention from this secondary alone; absence of significance is not proof of no effect if underpowered.[3][4][6]
Biomarker. Sn/Sp look good in a high-prevalence mood clinic; PPV will fall in low-prevalence community screening — recompute with Bayes or 2×2 at local base rate before adoption.[5]
Key points
[1] [4] [5]References
- [1]Cook RJ, Sackett DL The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect BMJ, 1995.PMID 7873954
- [2]Greenland S, Senn SJ, Rothman KJ, et al. Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations Eur J Epidemiol, 2016.PMID 27209009
- [3]Altman DG, Bland JM Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence BMJ, 1995.PMID 7647644
- [4]Spruance SL, Reid JE, Grace M, Samore M Hazard ratio in clinical trials Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2004.PMID 15273082
- [5]Altman DG, Bland JM Diagnostic tests 2: Predictive values BMJ, 1994.PMID 8038641
- [6]Gardner MJ, Altman DG Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1986.PMID 3082422