Psych Vivas · Emergency psychiatry
Acute behavioural disturbance and excited delirium — structured clinical viva
Fellowship viva on ABD-first framing, contested ExDS term, droperidol/ketamine, combination ban, prone restraint, capacity.
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Target exams
Interpretation
Reveal interpretation
Terminology. Prefer ABD / hyperactive delirium with severe agitation. Reject excited delirium as a standalone diagnosis or sole cause of death (ACMT 2023). Document physiology and restraint facts.[1]
Medical priorities. ABCDE, glucose, SpO2, temperature; cooling; stop prolonged prone restraint; airway-ready team. Treat as medical emergency, not forensic labelling exercise.[4][5]
Reject proposed combination. Never IM olanzapine with parenteral midazolam — respiratory depression risk.[4]
Safer plan. IM droperidol 5–10 mg as common ANZ ED first-line for undifferentiated ABD with monitoring; midazolam 5–10 mg IM alternative; ketamine rescue (~4–5 mg/kg IM) if refractory under governance. Observations every 15 minutes for ≥1 hour including temperature. Endpoint calm and rousable.[2][3][4]
Capacity/law/disposition. Decision-specific capacity; least-restrictive local law without invented sections; medical observation until stable then psychiatric disposition as indicated.[4]
Key points
[1] [2] [4] [5]References
- [1]Stolbach AI, Dargan PI, Greller HA, et al. ACMT Position Statement: End the Use of the Term "Excited Delirium" J Med Toxicol, 2023.PMID 37349654
- [2]Isbister GK, Calver LA, Page CB, et al. Randomized controlled trial of intramuscular droperidol versus midazolam for violence and acute behavioral disturbance: the DORM study Ann Emerg Med, 2010.PMID 20868907
- [3]Isbister GK, Calver LA, Downes MA, Page CB Ketamine as Rescue Treatment for Difficult-to-Sedate Severe Acute Behavioral Disturbance in the Emergency Department Ann Emerg Med, 2016.PMID 26899459
- [4]Patel MX, Sethi FN, Barnes TR, et al. Joint BAP NAPICU evidence-based consensus guidelines for the clinical management of acute disturbance: De-escalation and rapid tranquillisation J Psychopharmacol, 2018.PMID 29882463
- [5]Weedn V, Steinberg A, Speth P Prone restraint cardiac arrest in in-custody and arrest-related deaths J Forensic Sci, 2022.PMID 35869602