Psych Vivas · Old age psychiatry — mood disorders
Late-life depression — structured clinical viva
Fellowship viva covering vascular depression phenotype, under-treatment versus true non-response, older-adult antidepressant safety, ECT, suicide lethality, and maintenance evidence.
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Target exams
Interpretation
Reveal interpretation
Formulate as late-life major depression with vascular features and bereavement context, not "normal ageing" or automatic irreversible dementia. Vascular depression is a phenotype linking cerebrovascular disease to depression with executive dysfunction — useful for prognosis and treatment expectations, not a separate DSM code.[1][5]
The sertraline 25 mg trial is inadequate (token dose / incomplete titration). Re-check adherence, bipolarity, substances, medical contributors, sodium if any SSRI exposure, cognition with collateral, and suicide risk with means. Then treat to a therapeutic dose of a suitable agent or switch, with sodium and falls monitoring, while offering adapted psychotherapy and addressing isolation/grief.[5][6]
If severe melancholic/psychotic features, high risk, or true non-response after adequate trials, discuss ECT early using PRIDE-informed framing of efficacy in geriatric depression.[3] Older adults have high suicide lethality — ask directly and restrict means.[4] After recovery, plan maintenance antidepressant rather than early cessation (Reynolds NEJM 2006).[2]
Key points
[1] [2] [5]References
- [1]Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, et al. 'Vascular depression' hypothesis Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1997.PMID 9337771
- [2]Reynolds CF 3rd, Dew MA, Pollock BG, et al. Maintenance treatment of major depression in old age N Engl J Med, 2006.PMID 16540613
- [3]Kellner CH, Husain MM, Knapp RG, et al. Right Unilateral Ultrabrief Pulse ECT in Geriatric Depression: Phase 1 of the PRIDE Study Am J Psychiatry, 2016.PMID 27418379
- [4]Conwell Y, Van Orden K, Caine ED Suicide in older adults Psychiatr Clin North Am, 2011.PMID 21536168
- [5]Malhi GS, Bell E, Bassett D, et al. The 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2021.PMID 33353391
- [6]Fabian TJ, Amico JA, Kroboth PD, et al. Paroxetine-induced hyponatremia in older adults: a 12-week prospective study Arch Intern Med, 2004.PMID 14769630