Psych Vivas · Consultation-liaison psychiatry
Mild cognitive impairment — structured clinical viva
Fellowship viva on MCI/mild NCD nosology, assessment, conversion, lifestyle care, and AChEI evidence limits.
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Target exams
Interpretation
Reveal interpretation
Nosology. History and MoCA support clinical MCI / mild NCD if independence is truly preserved with compensation (dosette, limited driving). Not major NCD unless IADL independence is lost. Subtype likely amnestic pending domain mapping; specify single- vs multi-domain after detailed testing.[1][2]
Differentials. Depression; anticholinergic burden (amitriptyline); untreated hearing loss (Lancet modifiable risk); early major NCD under-reported by patient; delirium if any acute illness (not suggested here).[10]
Assessment. Collateral, MSE, MoCA (more sensitive than MMSE for mild deficits), functional interview, bloods, imaging once, mood and sleep, deprescribe amitriptyline if safe, hearing assessment. Capacity decision-specific (Appelbaum) — living alone does not equal incapacity.[8][9][3]
Conversion. Elevated risk; clinic order-of-magnitude ~5–10%/year historically cited; reversion and stability occur (Mitchell). Avoid fatalism and false certainty.[6]
Management. Lifestyle/risk-factor focus (Lancet; FINGER multidomain). No routine AChEI: Petersen 2005 (donepezil not durable; Vit E negative), Cochrane Russ, AAN 2018. Driving case-by-case. Follow-up serial review.[3][4][5][7][10]
Structured viva prompts
Definition and classification
Q. Define MCI and mild NCD; how do they relate? A. Clinical MCI (Petersen): concern, objective impairment, preserved function, not demented. Mild NCD (DSM): modest multi- or single-domain decline without loss of independence. Overlapping constructs; independence is the hinge vs major NCD.[1][2]
Conversion
Q. What do you tell families about risk? A. Higher than peers; annual clinic rates often ~5–10% order of magnitude; many do not convert soon; some improve. Multi-domain and biomarker-positive profiles higher risk.[6]
Pharmacology trap
Q. She wants donepezil today. Your answer? A. Not routine for MCI. Cite Petersen 2005, InDDEx/Cochrane/AAN: no reliable long-term conversion prevention; adverse effects. Offer lifestyle plan and review.[3][4][5]
Prevention evidence
Q. Name non-drug evidence. A. Lancet Commission modifiable risks; FINGER multidomain RCT signal in at-risk elderly.[7][10]
References
- [1]Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome Arch Neurol, 1999.PMID 10190820
- [2]Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al. Mild cognitive impairment--beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment J Intern Med, 2004.PMID 15324367
- [3]Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment [RETIRED]: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology, 2018.PMID 29282327
- [4]Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M, et al. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment N Engl J Med, 2005.PMID 15829527
- [5]Russ TC, Morling JR Cholinesterase inhibitors for mild cognitive impairment Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012.PMID 22972133
- [6]Mitchell AJ, Shiri-Feshki M Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia--meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2009.PMID 19236314
- [7]Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial Lancet, 2015.PMID 25771249
- [8]Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment J Am Geriatr Soc, 2005.PMID 15817019
- [9]Appelbaum PS, Grisso T Assessing patients' capacities to consent to treatment N Engl J Med, 1988.PMID 3200278
- [10]Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission Lancet, 2020.PMID 32738937