Psych Vivas · Foundations — prevention and early intervention
Prevention and early intervention — structured clinical viva
Fellowship viva on prevention frameworks, indicated care, DUP, EIS evidence, and UHR antipsychotic restraint.
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Target exams
Interpretation
Reveal interpretation
Slide 1 map. Place each row: school programme = universal (small average effects if psychological curriculum-based); perinatal high-risk = selective; UHR clinic = indicated; EIS team = early intervention after onset, not pure primary prevention.[1] Name Rose if examiner asks why universal still matters alongside clinics.[2]
Slide 2 DUP. 12 months is long. Define DUP as frank psychosis onset to adequate treatment. Longer DUP associates with worse early outcomes — improve detection, GP pathways, soft-entry youth access, reduce stigma delays. Still deliver full multi-element care when presentation is late.[7][8]
Slide 3 antipsychotics for all UHR. Answer no as default. Conversion is a minority outcome; network meta-analysis does not crown a single superior preventive package; metabolic harm and false positives matter. Offer structured assessment, comorbidity treatment, CBT-informed care, monitoring; reserve AP for specialist rationale or conversion/near-threshold severe cases.[5][6]
Staging follow-up. Earlier stages → safer, lower-intensity care; escalate with progression (McGorry heuristic).[3]
Depression prevention follow-up. Psychological indicated prevention reduces incidence (classic IRR ~0.78 framing).[4]
EIS follow-up. Correll meta-analysis: EIS > TAU; RAISE comprehensive care superior to usual community care on key outcomes — name multi-element components.[8][9]
Implementation follow-up. Evidence catalogues fail without workforce, fidelity, equity, and funding continuity (Campion public mental health implementation frame).[10]
Key points
References
- [1]Gordon RS Jr An operational classification of disease prevention Public Health Rep, 1983.PMID 6856733
- [2]Rose G Sick individuals and sick populations Int J Epidemiol, 2001.PMID 11416056
- [3]McGorry PD, Hickie IB, Yung AR, et al. Clinical staging of psychiatric disorders: a heuristic framework for choosing earlier, safer and more effective interventions Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2006.PMID 16866756
- [4]Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Smit F, et al. Preventing the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions Am J Psychiatry, 2008.PMID 18765483
- [5]Fusar-Poli P, Bonoldi I, Yung AR, et al. Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2012.PMID 22393215
- [6]Davies C, Cipriani A, Ioannidis JPA, et al. Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta-analysis World Psychiatry, 2018.PMID 29856551
- [7]Marshall M, Lewis S, Lockwood A, et al. Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2005.PMID 16143729
- [8]Correll CU, Galling B, Pawar A, et al. Comparison of Early Intervention Services vs Treatment as Usual for Early-Phase Psychosis JAMA Psychiatry, 2018.PMID 29800949
- [9]Kane JM, Robinson DG, Schooler NR, et al. Comprehensive Versus Usual Community Care for First-Episode Psychosis: 2-Year Outcomes From the NIMH RAISE Early Treatment Program Am J Psychiatry, 2016.PMID 26481174
- [10]Campion J, Javed A, Lund C, et al. Public mental health: required actions to address implementation failure in the context of COVID-19 Lancet Psychiatry, 2022.PMID 35065723