ANZCA Final
Perioperative Medicine
Ambulatory Surgery
High Evidence

Day Surgery Anaesthesia

Day surgery (ambulatory surgery) constitutes 70-80% of elective surgical procedures in Australia, requiring rapid recovery, minimal side effects, and safe discharge criteria. Patient selection: ASA 1-2 (selected ASA 3...

Updated 2 Feb 2026
2 min read
Citations
82 cited sources
Quality score
53 (gold)

Clinical board

A visual summary of the highest-yield teaching signals on this page.

Urgent signals

Safety-critical features pulled from the topic metadata.

  • Inability to maintain airway patency postoperatively
  • Uncontrolled pain preventing discharge
  • Prolonged nausea and vomiting
  • Excessive bleeding requiring admission

Exam focus

Current exam surfaces linked to this topic.

  • ANZCA Final Written
  • ANZCA Final Clinical Viva

Editorial and exam context

ANZCA Final Written
ANZCA Final Clinical Viva
Clinical reference article

Quick Answer

Day surgery (ambulatory surgery) constitutes 70-80% of elective surgical procedures in Australia, requiring rapid recovery, minimal side effects, and safe discharge criteria. Patient selection: ASA 1-2 (selected ASA 3 acceptable), BMI <40 kg/m², age appropriate (infants >60 weeks PCA, elderly fit), procedure <2 hours duration, controlled comorbidities, adequate social support at home. Preoperative preparation: Fasting 2 hours clear fluids, 6 hours solids; screening for OSA (STOP-BANG), difficult airway, medications (continue ACE inhibitors, withhold SGLT2 inhibitors, oral hypoglycaemics). Anaesthetic technique: Rapid onset/offset (propofol TIVA or sevoflurane, desflurane), short-acting opioids (fentanyl, alfentanil), multimodal analgesia (paracetamol, NSAIDs, local infiltration, regional blocks), aggressive PONV prophylaxis in high-risk (5-HT3 antagonist + dexamethasone + droperidol/ondansetron). Regional techniques: Spinal anaesthesia for lower limb (rapid offset with lidocaine/procaine), brachial plexus block with low-dose long-acting local (ropivacaine), TAP block for abdominal procedures. Discharge criteria: Modified Aldrete score ≥9, stable vital signs, adequate pain control (VAS <4), controlled nausea/emesis, minimal bleeding, able to ambulate, voided (if appropriate), adult escort available, written instructions provided. Unplanned admission: 2-5% rate due to surgical complications (bleeding), medical complications (respiratory issues, arrhythmias), inadequate pain control, PONV, social factors. Fast-track surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols incorporating prehabilitation, carbohydrate loading, multimodal analgesia, early mobilization, goal-directed fluid therapy achieving same-day discharge for major procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, knee arthroscopy, hernia repair). Indigenous patients: Remote location creates transport challenges for day surgery; ensure return transport arranged, 24-hour contact number provided, coordination with local health service for follow-up. [1-10]