CICM Fellowship
Structured coverage for the College of Intensive Care Medicine. From basic sciences to hot cases, the library is organised for written, viva, and bedside preparation.
Master the basic sciences: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Equipment.
Clinical management, hot cases, and complex ICU scenarios.
Topic collections and structured breakdowns aligned with high-yield written themes.
Abdominal Anatomy
Define/Describe - Overview of abdominal regions and divisions... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Abdominal Trauma
Answer: Quick Answer : Abdominal trauma evaluation requires systematic assessment combining clinical examination, imaging (FAST and CT), and laboratory investigations. Blunt injuries are managed non-operatively in...
Acalculous Cholecystitis in Critical Care
Post-cardiac surgery patient with unexplained sepsis and RUQ tenderness... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Acid-Base Disorders
Systematic Approach: pH → Primary disorder → Anion gap → Compensation → Delta ratio... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Acid-Base Physiology
Answer: Acid-base physiology describes the mechanisms that maintain arterial pH within the narrow range of 7.35-7.45. This regulation occurs through three integrated systems: chemical buffers (immediate), respiratory...
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Classification based on ECG and troponin: STEMI (ST elevation + troponin rise), NSTEMI (no ST elevation + troponin ri... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Acute Heart Failure in ICU
Nohria-Stevenson classification divides AHF into four profiles based on congestion (wet/dry) and perfusion (warm/cold... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Acute Kidney Injury (Adult)
KDIGO 2012 Classification: Three-stage system based on creatinine and urine output... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Acute Kidney Injury Pathology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is classified by KDIGO into Stages 1-3 based on creatinine rise and urine output. Pathophysiologically, AKI is divided into pre-renal (hypoperfusion), intrinsic (tubular, glomerular,...
Acute Liver Failure
Acute Liver Failure is a high-yield topic for CICM examinations, testing core ICU competencies:... CICM Second Part, FCICM exam preparation.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening surgical emergency caused by inadequate blood flow to the intestin... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Acute Pancreatitis
Diagnostic criteria: 2 of 3 (pain, lipase greater than 3× ULN, imaging)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - Adult
Comprehensive critical care guide to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome covering Berlin criteria, pathophysiology, lung-protective ventilation, prone positioning, ECMO, and evidence-based management for postgraduate...
Adrenal Crisis
Adrenal crisis is an acute, life-threatening state of cortisol deficiency that requires immediate recognition and treatm... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Alcohol Withdrawal in ICU
Compare symptom-triggered vs fixed-schedule benzodiazepine protocols (evidence, dosing, advantages)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Hypoxia - Acute respiratory failure, cyanosis, pulmonary edema... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellowship Viva exam preparation.
Analgesia in ICU
Pain Assessment: "I would use the BPS or CPOT score, validated in non-communicative ICU patients, with a threshold of... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Anaphylactic Shock
Adrenaline is the ONLY first-line medication - IM 0.5 mg (1:1,000) into anterolateral thigh... CICM Second Part, ACEM Fellowship exam preparation.
Anticoagulation Reversal
Warfarin reversal: 4F-PCC 25-50 U/kg achieves INR below 1.5 in 10-30 minutes; vitamin K 5-10 mg IV for sustained reve... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Antimicrobial Pharmacology in Critical Care
Time-dependent killing (beta-lactams): efficacy depends on duration above MIC (%T MIC). Target 50-100% of dosing inte... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Aortic Dissection
Beta-blockade FIRST: Esmolol or labetalol to target HR below 60 bpm (reduces dP/dt)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
ARDS Pathology
Define/Describe - Berlin Definition, DAD as histopathological correlate... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Arterial Line Monitoring
An arterial line (arterial catheter) provides continuous invasive blood pressure monitoring and allows frequent arterial... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Ascites Management in Critical Care
Ascites and its complications are high-yield CICM Second Part topics appearing regularly in:... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam prepara
Asthma in ICU (Status Asthmaticus)
Comprehensive CICM Second Part clinical guide to Status Asthmaticus (acute severe asthma) in the ICU, covering pathophysiology, dynamic hyperinflation, auto-PEEP, mechanical ventilation strategies, permissive...
Atrial Fibrillation in ICU
Incidence 20–40% in ICU patients; new-onset AF (NOAF) associated with 2–4× increased mortality and prolonged ICU stay... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Australian Marine Envenomation
Immediate vinegar (4-6% acetic acid) for ALL jellyfish stings - inactivates undischarged nematocysts... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case e
Australian Snake Envenomation
Pressure Immobilisation Bandage (PIB) - DO NOT REMOVE until antivenom ready... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Australian Spider Envenomation
Funnel-web: Pressure Immobilisation Bandaging (PIB) immediately, CSL Funnel-Web Spider Antivenom, ICU admission... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part
Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy
Define/Overview - Division of autonomic nervous system, general organization... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Beta-Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose
ABCDE, high-flow O₂, secure large-bore IV access (2 x 14G)... CICM Primary Written, CICM Fellowship Written exam preparation.
Blood Component Therapy
Restrictive transfusion (Hb 70 g/L): TRICC, TRISS, and TRICS-III trials support restrictive thresholds in most ICU po... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Blood Gas Analyzers in ICU
Comprehensive guide to blood gas analyzer technology, measurement principles (pH electrode, Severinghaus CO2 electrode, Clark O2 electrode), co-oximetry, electrolyte measurement, lactate, pre-analytical errors, quality...
Bowel Obstruction
SBO vs LBO: Small bowel (60-70% adhesions) vs large bowel (50-60% cancer)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Brachial Plexus and Regional Anaesthesia
Formation - Roots from ventral rami, contributions from C5-T1... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Bradyarrhythmias & Heart Block in ICU
Atropine 0.5-1 mg IV (max 3 mg) - first-line for symptomatic bradycardia... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Brain Death and Organ Donation
Brain death and organ donation appear in multiple CICM exam formats:... CICM Second Part, FCICM exam preparation.
Brain Injury Pathology - Primary and Secondary Injury Mechanisms
Define Primary vs Secondary Injury - Temporal and mechanistic distinction... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Breaking Bad News in Intensive Care
Breaking bad news is one of the most challenging and frequent tasks in intensive care practice. Studies indicate ICU cli... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Bronchiolitis
Key Clinical Features : Coryza prodrome (1-3 days) followed by cough, tachypnoea, wheeze, crackles Work of breathing: subcostal and intercostal recession, nasal flaring, grunting Hypoxia (SpO2 <92%) indicating need...
Bronchoscopy Equipment
Bronchoscope Types: Flexible video (standard adult OD 5.0-5.5mm, slim 3.5-4.2mm, therapeutic 6.0-6.4mm), rigid (stain... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Burnout and Wellbeing in ICU
Organizational/Structural (most effective): Workload modification, adequate staffing, rostering... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam p
Burns in ICU
Burns in ICU require systematic assessment of total body surface area (TBSA) and burn depth, aggressive fluid resuscitat... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Burns Pathology
Define/Describe - Jackson zones, burn depth classification... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Calcium Disorders: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
Calcium gluconate 10% 10-20 mL IV over 10-20 minutes (0.9-1.8 mmol Ca2+)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Carbon Dioxide Transport & Elimination
Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported in blood via three mechanisms: dissolved CO2 (7-10%) , bicarbonate (70-80%) , and carbamino compounds (20-23%) . The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reversible...
Carbon Monoxide and Cyanide Poisoning
100% oxygen via non-rebreather or intubation (reduces CO half-life from 4-5 hours to 60-90 minutes)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case ex
Cardiac Anatomy & Coronary Circulation
Define/Describe - Overview of cardiac chambers, orientation in thorax... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Cardiac Arrhythmias in ICU
Cardiac arrhythmias are common in ICU patients (10-20% incidence) and require systematic assessment of hemodynamic stabi... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Cardiac Monitors and Telemetry in ICU
Comprehensive guide to cardiac monitoring in the intensive care unit including ECG acquisition, lead placement, continuous monitoring parameters, alarm management, derived indices (HRV, QTc), arrhythmia detection,...
Cardiogenic Shock
Cardiogenic shock is cardiac pump failure causing inadequate tissue perfusion despite adequate or elevated filling press... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Cardiovascular Physiology
Cardiovascular physiology forms the foundation of critical care practice, informing haemodynamic monitoring, vasoactive ... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Central Venous Access
High-Yield Topics: Indications and contraindications (absolute vs relative) Site selection: IJ (preferred), subclavian, femoral, PICC Ultrasound guidance (mandatory, complication reduction) Seldinger technique vs...
Cerebral Blood Flow & Autoregulation
Normal CBF values: 50 mL/100g/min total; grey matter 80-100, white matter 20-25 mL/100g/min... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation
Chest Trauma
<Flashcard question="What is the approximate incidence of blunt vs penetrating chest trauma?" answer="Blunt trauma accou... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Chest Tube Insertion (Intercostal Drain)
Chest tube insertion (intercostal drain, tube thoracostomy) is a critical procedure for evacuation of air or fluid from the pleural space. The triangle of safety (anterior border of latissimus dorsi, lateral border of...
Chronic Kidney Disease in the ICU
Assess dialysis access patency and recent dialysis schedule... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Coagulation Cascade & Fibrinolysis
Primary haemostasis involves platelet adhesion (via vWF-GPIb), activation (shape change, granule release), and aggreg... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Coagulation Disorders Pathology
Coagulation disorders in critical illness result from complex interactions between inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and haemostatic pathways. DIC involves simultaneous coagulation activation (tissue factor...
Congenital Heart Disease in ICU
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) encompasses structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels present at birth, affecting 8-10 per 1,000 live births. CHD represents the most common congenital malformation and a...
Consent and Capacity in Intensive Care
Valid consent requires three elements: voluntary decision (free from coercion), informed (adequate disclosure of mate... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy / Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (CA-AKI)
Definition (KDIGO): Serum creatinine rise ≥26.5 μmol/L within 48 hours OR ≥50% increase within 7 days of contrast exp... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
COPD Exacerbation in ICU
Corticosteroids for 5 days (REDUCE trial evidence)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Cricothyroidotomy
Critical Management Principles : Indication : CICO situation (Plan D) - cannot intubate AND cannot oxygenate Preferred technique : Scalpel-bougie-tube (DAS 2015) - transverse stab incision through CTM Cricothyroid...
Crisis Resource Management in Intensive Care
Crisis Resource Management (CRM) represents a systematic approach to managing extreme demand for critical care services,... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Key Clinical Features : Viral prodrome (1-2 days of coryza, low-grade fever) Barking "seal-like" cough (hallmark) Inspiratory stridor (biphasic = severe) Hoarse voice Worse at night, often improves during day NO...
CRRT Pharmacology
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) profoundly alters drug pharmacokinetics through three primary mechanisms: co... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Defibrillators and Cardioversion
Comprehensive guide to defibrillation physics, waveforms, device types, energy selection, pad placement, synchronized cardioversion, transcutaneous and transvenous pacing for CICM Second Part examination.
Delirium in ICU
Delirium is an acute fluctuating disturbance of consciousness and cognition affecting 30-50% of ICU patients (70-80% of ... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Delirium in ICU: Assessment, Prevention and Management
Definition (DSM-5): Acute disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over hours to days and fluctuates in s... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH: Water Balance Disorders in ICU
Confusing SIADH with cerebral salt wasting - Volume status is key: euvolemic (SIADH) vs. hypovolemic (CSW)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Comprehensive evidence-based guide to DKA and HHS management in the intensive care unit, covering pathophysiology, fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, electrolyte replacement, and complications
Dialysis Machines (IHD, CRRT)
Three Clearance Mechanisms: Dialysis machines remove solutes via diffusion (small molecules <500 Da), convection (... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Difficult Airway in ICU
ICU intubation is high-risk: Peri-intubation adverse events occur in 45% of ICU intubations (INTUBE study), including... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Digoxin and Lithium Toxicity
Digoxin Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition: Results in increased intracellular Na+, which reduces the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activi... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Disaster Medicine and Mass Casualty ICU
Disaster medicine encompasses the medical response to events that overwhelm local healthcare capacity, requiring extraor... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Disaster Preparedness in Intensive Care
Activate Hospital Incident Command System (HICS)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Treat the underlying cause (definitive treatment - sepsis source control, delivery in obstetric DIC)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Donation after Brain Death (DBD) - Expanded Donor Management
Donation after Brain Death (DBD) is the process of organ retrieval following formal determination of death by neurological criteria. Brain death triggers a biphasic autonomic response : an initial catecholamine storm...
Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD)
DCD appears frequently in CICM Second Part examinations as a standalone topic or combined with end-of-life care:... CICM Second Part, FCICM exam preparation.
Drowning - ICU Management
Day 1-3 post-drowning with ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Drug Interactions in Critical Care
Drug interactions represent one of the most significant preventable causes of adverse events in the intensive care unit, affecting up to 70-80% of critically ill patients. The ICU environment is uniquely hazardous:...
ECMO Circuits and Equipment
VV-ECMO Configuration: Drains deoxygenated blood from venous system (typically femoral/jugular), passes through oxyge... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
ECMO Pharmacology
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) profoundly alters drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) throug... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Electrolyte Disorders in ICU
Hyponatremia correction rate: Maximum 8-10 mmol/L per 24 hours; high-risk patients (alcoholism, malnutrition, hypokal... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Electrolyte Physiology
Answer: Electrolyte physiology encompasses the regulation of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and chloride ions that are essential for cellular function, neuromuscular activity, and acid-base balance....
End-of-Life Discussions in Intensive Care
End-of-life (EOL) discussions in the intensive care unit (ICU) represent some of the most challenging and consequential ... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Endocrine Physiology (Adrenal, Thyroid, Pituitary)
Endocrine physiology is fundamental to understanding the stress response in critical illness, metabolic regulation, and ... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Enteral Nutrition in Critical Care
Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred method of nutritional support in critically ill patients with a functioning gast... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
External Ventricular Drain
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as a ventriculostomy, is a temporary catheter placed into the lateral ve... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
VV-ECMO for severe ARDS: Indications, timing, patient selection, management strategies... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Eye Anatomy and Pupillary Reflexes
Overview - Pupil anatomy and control mechanisms... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Family Conferences and Communication in ICU
70-90% of ICU Deaths Involve Treatment Decisions: Most deaths in ICU are preceded by decisions to limit or withdraw t... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
The CICM First Part examination frequently tests fetal and neonatal physiology as it underpins understanding of duct-dep... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Flexible Bronchoscopy in ICU
Red Flag Warning: Hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability are the most common life-threatening complications. Always pre-oxygenate with 100% FiO₂, monitor vital signs continuously, and have immediate airway rescue...
Fluid Compartments & Distribution
Answer: Total body water (TBW) comprises approximately 60% of body weight in adult males (42L in a 70kg individual), distributed between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment (40% body weight, 2/3 TBW, 28L) and...
Futility and Ethics Consultation in Intensive Care
Futility and ethics consultation appear frequently in CICM examinations:... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Viva exam preparation.
Gastrointestinal Physiology
The gastrointestinal tract performs four critical functions: motility (propulsion and mixing), secretion (digestive enzy... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
\u003e One-liner: Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy causing rapidly ascending f... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Haemodynamic Monitoring in ICU
Comprehensive guide to invasive and non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques in critically ill patients, including arterial lines, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery catheters, pulse contour analysis,...
Health Literacy and Patient Education in ICU
Assume universal low health literacy - Use plain language with everyone... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Healthcare-Acquired Infections
ICU Impact: HAIs affect 10-30% of ICU patients, associated with 2-3-fold increased mortality, prolonged ICU stay (median +8 days), and excess healthcare costs (AUD 18,000-50,000 per case).
HELLP Syndrome
Maternal stabilisation: Airway, breathing, circulation with blood product support... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
STOP ALL HEPARIN (including flushes, heparin-coated catheters, LMWH)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Hepatic Drug Dosing in ICU
Answer: Hepatic drug dosing in critical illness requires understanding of liver physiology, drug metabolism pathways, and the impact of liver disease on pharmacokinetics. The liver receives 25-30% of cardiac output...
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Domain Key Focus Areas ------------ --------------------- Classification Type A/B/C, West Haven Grades 0-4, Covert vs Overt HE Pathophysiology Ammonia-glutamine-astrocyte swelling hypothesis, neuroinflammation,...
Hepatic Failure Pathology
Acute liver failure (ALF) is defined as severe hepatic dysfunction with coagulopathy (INR ≥1.5) and encephalopathy in a patient without pre-existing liver disease, developing within 26 weeks of symptom onset....
Hepatic Physiology
The liver is the largest solid organ (1.4-1.8 kg), receiving 25% of cardiac output through a unique dual blood supply: p... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)
Volume expansion with 20-25% albumin (1 g/kg/day for 2 days, max 100g/day)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Hypertensive Emergency
Select appropriate parenteral antihypertensive agents... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Hypoglycaemia in Critical Care
Comprehensive evidence-based guide to hypoglycaemia recognition, prevention, and management in the ICU, including NICE-SUGAR trial evidence, counter-regulatory hormone physiology, treatment protocols, and glucose...
Hypovolaemic Shock
Hypovolaemic shock is a clinical state of inadequate tissue perfusion resulting from reduced intravascular volume. It is... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
ICD Emergencies in ICU
"What is the difference between magnet application and device deactivation?"... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
ICU Administration and Management: Structure, Staffing, Governance, and Quality
ICU Levels (IC-1): Level 1 = stabilization and short-term ventilation before transfer; Level 2 = indefinite multi-sys... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
ICU Design and Environment
The ICU physical environment significantly impacts patient outcomes, staff well-being, and family experience. Evidence-b... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
ICU Outreach and Rapid Response Systems
Afferent limb: Monitoring, track-and-trigger systems, escalation protocols... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
ICU Ventilators - Types and Modes
Ventilator Classification: ICU ventilators are classified by pressure type (positive vs negative), power source (pneu... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
ICU-Acquired Weakness (ICUAW)
Definition and Classification: ICUAW umbrella term; CIP vs CIM vs overlap... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Immune Dysfunction Pathology in Critical Illness
Immune dysfunction in critical illness encompasses both hyperinflammation (SIRS) and immunosuppression (CARS/immunoparalysis). The initial pro-inflammatory response involves PAMP/DAMP recognition, cytokine release...
Immune System Physiology
Answer: Immune system physiology describes the coordinated network of cells, tissues, and molecules that protect the host from pathogens. The immune system comprises two interconnected arms: innate immunity...
Infective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis (IE) is infection of the endocardial surface, most commonly affecting heart valves. Diagnosis req... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Infusion Pumps and Drug Delivery
Pump Classification: ICU infusion pumps include volumetric pumps (peristaltic mechanism, 0.1-999 mL/h), syringe pumps... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Interprofessional Communication in ICU
Interprofessional communication is a cornerstone of safe, effective intensive care delivery. Communication failures are ... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
"Define IAH and ACS. Outline the grading system for IAH."... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Intra-abdominal Sepsis and Peritonitis
Intra-abdominal sepsis represents a spectrum from localized infection to generalized peritonitis with systemic organ dys... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump
IABP-SHOCK II trial is practice-changing: Randomized 600 patients with AMI-related cardiogenic shock to IABP vs optim... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Blood pressure control : Target SBP 140-180 mmHg within 1 hour (INTERACT2), avoiding aggressive lowering to 110-139 mmHg (ATACH-2 showed no benefit and increased renal adverse events) Reversal of coagulopathy :...
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Systems
Monro-Kellie Doctrine: The cranium is a rigid box with fixed volume ( 1,400-1,700 mL); the sum of brain (80%), blood ... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Intraosseous Access
Intraosseous (IO) access provides rapid, reliable vascular access when peripheral IV cannulation fails or is unlikely to succeed within 90 seconds. It is the recommended second-line vascular access route in cardiac...
Invasive Fungal Infections in ICU
Echinocandins are first-line for candidemia in critically ill patients (PMID: 28635507, 28482886)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Invasive Pressure Monitoring in ICU
Comprehensive guide to invasive haemodynamic pressure monitoring including arterial lines, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery catheters, transducer physics, waveform analysis, dynamic response testing, and...
Ischemic Stroke
Time-critical interventions include NIHSS assessment, non-contrast CT brain, CT angiography, and rapid team activation f... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Liver Transplantation ICU Management
Liver transplantation is a high-frequency CICM Hot Case and SAQ topic because it integrates:... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam prepara
Local Anaesthetics
Define - What are local anaesthetics, classification... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation.
Lower Airway & Bronchial Tree Anatomy
Overview - Define lower airway, list structures... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation.
Lumbar Puncture
ICU-Specific Considerations : Meningitis: Do NOT delay antibiotics for LP - give ceftriaxone/vancomycin + dexamethasone immediately SAH: LP for xanthochromia if CT negative and presentation greater than 12 hours from...
Lumbar Spine and CSF Dynamics
Define/Describe - Overview of lumbar spine anatomy... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Magnesium Toxicity and Management in Obstetrics
One-liner : Magnesium toxicity in obstetrics is a potentially life-threatening iatrogenic complication of therapeutic magnesium sulfate administration, characterized by progressive neuromuscular and cardiovascular...
Massive Hemoptysis - ICU Management
Position bleeding side DOWN - protect the non-bleeding lung... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Massive Transfusion Protocol
Definition of massive transfusion: greater than 10 units PRBC/24h OR greater than 4 units/1h with ongoing bleeding OR... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Maternal Sepsis
One-liner : Maternal sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period, requiring early recognition using modified...
Mechanical Ventilation Modes
Define the mode (control variable, trigger, limit, cycle)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Medical Ethics in ICU
Medical ethics in intensive care provides a framework for navigating complex decisions involving critically ill patients... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Medicolegal Aspects in Intensive Care
Medicolegal aspects in intensive care encompass the legal framework governing consent, capacity, substitute decision-mak... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Meningitis and Encephalitis
Nasopharyngeal colonization → bacteremia → blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Critical Care
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in critically ill patients, with prevalence ranging from 30-80% depending on the m... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) Pathology
Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is the progressive, potentially reversible dysfunction of two or more organ systems arising from an acute threat to systemic homeostasis. MODS represents the final common...
Myasthenia Gravis Crisis
Pathophysiology: Anti-AChR antibodies (85%), anti-MuSK (5%), complement-mediated destruction vs functional blockade... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Myocarditis
Fulminant myocarditis (rapid onset below 2 weeks, severe LV dysfunction EF below 35%, cardiogenic shock) has better l... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Myxedema Coma
Management requires immediate IV thyroid hormone replacement (T4 loading dose 200-500 mcg, or combination T4 + T3), but ... CICM Second Part, FCICM exam prepara
Neck and Laryngeal Anatomy
Define/Describe - Overview of neck and laryngeal divisions and boundaries... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis is classified by microbiology into four types:... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Neonatal and Paediatric ICU Transport
Neonatal and paediatric ICU transport represents a critical component of modern perinatal and paediatric critical care s... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Neonatal Emergencies
One-liner : Neonatal emergencies encompass critical conditions in the first 28 days of life requiring urgent ICU intervention, characterised by unique transitional physiology, immature organ systems, and different...
Neonatal Resuscitation
PPV Ventilation: Rate: 30-60 breaths/minute (40-60 in term infants, 30-45 in preterm) PIP: 20-25 cm H2O (term), 20-30 cm H2O (preterm) PEEP: 5 cm H2O (avoid in term infants if airway not secured) T-piece device...
Neuroanatomy - Brain & Cerebral Circulation
Overview - Major brain divisions and their functions... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Neurogenic Shock
Pathophysiology: Explain the haemodynamic changes in neurogenic shock following C5 SCI... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
Supportive care: Aggressive cooling, IV crystalloid resuscitation, benzodiazepines for rigidity/agitation... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot C
Neuromuscular Blockade in ICU
Indications: Severe ARDS, intracranial hypertension, ventilator dyssynchrony, shivering... CICM Second Part, ANZCA Final exam preparation.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Mechanism - NMJ physiology, receptor pharmacology... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation.
Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology encompasses the electrical and chemical processes underlying neuronal function, cerebral blood flow regu... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV)
CPAP vs BiPAP mechanisms - Physiology of positive pressure, effects on work of breathing, preload/afterload... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Nutritional Deficiencies in Critical Illness
Nutritional deficiencies are highly prevalent in critically ill patients (30-80%), arising from inadequate intake, incre... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Obesity Drug Dosing in ICU
Obesity significantly alters drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in critically ill patients, creating complex dosing challenges. The combination of increased adipose tissue, altered organ blood flow,...
Obstetric Hemorrhage
Obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, representing one of the most crit... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Obstructive Shock
Obstructive shock is caused by mechanical obstruction to cardiac filling (tamponade, tension PTX) or ejection (massiv... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Opioid Analgesics
Classification: Natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic opioids... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation.
Opioid Overdose
Opioid overdose causes life-threatening respiratory depression through μ-opioid receptor agonism in the brainstem. Immed... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning
Decontamination: Remove clothing, copious water irrigation (staff PPE mandatory)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Oxygen Transport & Delivery
The CICM First Part examination places significant emphasis on oxygen transport physiology as it underpins critical care... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Pacemaker Emergencies in ICU
Failure to pace/capture in dependent patient: Apply magnet (asynchronous pacing), prepare TCP, correct metabolic abno... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Paediatric Respiratory Failure
High-flow oxygen therapy or HFNC (humidified 2 L/kg/min)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Paediatric Sepsis
One-liner : Paediatric sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection in children, characterised by age-specific physiological responses, "cold shock" predominance,...
Paediatric Status Epilepticus
Paediatric SE affects 17-23 per 100,000 children annually with highest incidence in infants <1 year . Febrile seiz... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Paediatric Trauma
Trauma is the leading cause of death in children 1-14 years, with TBI accounting for 70-80% of trauma-related mortali... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Palliative Care Principles in Intensive Care
Palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) represents a fundamental component of high-quality critical care, focus... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Pandemic Response in Intensive Care
Activate Hospital Incident Command System (HICS)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Paracentesis
Ultrasound guidance is mandatory - reduces dry taps by 95%, complications by 50-70% (PMID: 23867388)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case e
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Overdose
Assess risk: Time of ingestion, dose ingested, coingestants, chronic use... CICM Final Written, CICM Final Viva exam preparation.
Patient Safety in ICU
Patient safety in the intensive care unit (ICU) represents one of the most critical domains of modern critical care practice. ICU patients are among the most vulnerable in healthcare, with physiological instability,...
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children worldwide. Pediatric TBI differs sig... CICM Fellowship exam preparation.
Pelvic Anatomy (Obstetric Relevance)
Define/Describe - Overview of pelvic boundaries and contents... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Pelvic Trauma
Pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability have mortality of 30-50%. Immediate pelvic binder application and multidis... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade
Acute pericarditis diagnosis requires ≥2 of 4 criteria: chest pain, friction rub, ECG changes, pericardial effusion (... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
One-liner : Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an idiopathic cardiomyopathy presenting with heart failure (LVEF <45%) in the last month of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum, characterised by potential for recovery...
Peripheral Intravenous Access
Peripheral IV access is the most common invasive procedure - 80-90% of hospitalized patients, 330 million PIVCs inser... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Phaeochromocytoma Crisis
Domain Key Focus Areas ------------ --------------------- Catecholamine Synthesis Tyrosine → L-DOPA → Dopamine → Noradrenaline → Adrenaline pathway; rate-limiting enzyme (tyrosine hydroxylase) Receptor Pharmacology...
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Critical Care
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) are fundamentally altered in critically ill patients, leading to unpredi... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Phosphate and Magnesium Disorders in the ICU
Identify and treat underlying cause (refeeding, DKA treatment, diuretics, alcoholism)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation
Platelet Function and Hemostasis
Define/Describe - Platelet structure and origin... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Pneumonia - Community and Hospital-Acquired
Definition: Acute infection of the lung parenchyma acquired outside hospital or within first 48 hours of admission.... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Pneumothorax in ICU
Comprehensive CICM Second Part clinical guide to Pneumothorax in the ICU, covering classification, aetiology, tension pneumothorax pathophysiology, detection in ventilated patients, needle decompression, chest drain...
Polytrauma
Polytrauma management requires systematic, prioritized care following ATLS principles with damage control resuscitation ... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Post-Brain Death Donor Management
Post-brain death donor management (PBDM) refers to the comprehensive physiological optimisation of the potential organ d... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
Post-cardiac arrest care focuses on minimizing secondary brain injury through targeted temperature management (32–36°C f... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Post-Cardiac Surgery ICU Management
Structured handover using SBAR format (PMID: 21255531)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Post-Extubation Stridor & Laryngeal Oedema
Patient extubated 2-4 hours ago with progressive stridor, using accessory muscles, SpO2 falling despite high-flow oxygen... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS)
Definition: PICS encompasses new or worsening impairments in physical, cognitive, or mental health status arising aft... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia
Cardiac membrane stabilisation: Calcium gluconate 10% 10-20 mL IV over 2-5 min (or calcium chloride 10% 5-10 mL via C... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia affects 2-8% of pregnancies globally and remains a leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 10-... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Pre-Hospital Critical Care
Pre-hospital critical care represents the extension of intensive care interventions into the pre-hospital environment, d... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Prone Positioning in ARDS
Mortality benefit: PROSEVA trial demonstrated 50% relative risk reduction in mortality (16% vs 32%, ARR 16%, NNT=6) i... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Propofol Infusion Syndrome
"Describe the pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome."... CICM Second Part, FCICM exam preparation.
Pulmonary Artery Catheters in ICU
Comprehensive guide to pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz) monitoring in critically ill patients, including indications, insertion technique, waveform progression, hemodynamic parameters, thermodilution cardiac...
Pulmonary Embolism
Risk stratification systems: Wells score, PERC rule, PESI/sPESI, ESC 2019 classification (high/intermediate-high/inte... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Pulmonary Hypertension in ICU
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in ICU represents a critical intersection of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and righ... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Quality Improvement Principles
Quality Improvement in intensive care combines rigorous scientific methodology with practical approaches to enhance pati... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Quality Metrics: APACHE, SOFA, ANZROD, and ICU Benchmarking
APACHE II (1985): 12 physiological variables (worst in first 24h) + age points + chronic health points; score 0-71; m... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Renal and Retroperitoneal Anatomy
Define/Describe - Overview of kidney position, relations, and structure... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Renal Drug Dosing in ICU
Answer: Assess renal function using multiple measures (eGFR, creatinine clearance, cystatin C) Determine if drug is renally eliminated (≥30% unchanged in urine) Assess loading dose (depends on volume of distribution,...
Renal Physiology
Renal physiology encompasses nephron anatomy and function, glomerular filtration, renal blood flow autoregulation, tubul... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Renal Replacement Therapy
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) refers to extracorporeal techniques that replace normal kidney function by removing solu... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Research Methodology in ICU: Study Design, Statistics, and Critical Appraisal
Study Design Hierarchy: RCTs provide highest internal validity for intervention effects; observational studies (cohor... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Respiratory Physiology
Respiratory physiology provides the foundation for understanding mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary p... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Rhabdomyolysis in the ICU
Aggressive IV crystalloid resuscitation: Target urine output 200-300 mL/hr (3 mL/kg/hr)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparati
Salicylate Overdose
Volume resuscitation with dextrose-containing fluids (correct dehydration, provide glucose for cerebral metabolism) [... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Sedation and Analgesia Protocols in ICU
Analgesia-First Approach: Treat pain before sedation; 50-70% of ICU patients have significant pain, and untreated pai... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Sedation in ICU
ICU sedation requires titration to target depth using validated scales (RASS), daily interruption protocols, and agent s... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Sedatives in ICU
Sedatives in ICU primarily act via three mechanisms: (1) GABA-A receptor potentiation (propofol, benzodiazepines), (2) a... CICM First Part Written, CICM First
Sepsis and Septic Shock
Seymour CW, Liu VX, Iwashyna TJ, et al. Assessment of Clinical Criteria for Sepsis: For the Third International Conse... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Sepsis Bundles and Early Management
Sepsis-3 validation in external cohorts demonstrated superior predictive validity for mortality compared to SIRS (AUROC ... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Septic Shock (Adult)
Septic shock is defined as a subset of sepsis characterized by profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities that substantially increase mortality. Under the Sepsis-3 definitions, septic shock requires:
Serotonin Syndrome
Remove precipitating agents immediately (cease all serotonergic drugs)... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam preparation.
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Decompressive Craniectomy
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3-8 following head injury, representing a critical neurosurgical emergency with significant mortality and morbidity. The management...
Shock Pathology (Cellular & Mitochondrial)
The CICM First Part examination considers shock pathophysiology a core topic requiring detailed understanding of cellula... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM Fi
SIRS and Sepsis Pathology
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The pathophysiology involves recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs by pattern recognition receptors (TLRs), triggering a...
Skeletal Muscle Physiology
Define - Skeletal muscle structure at macroscopic and microscopic levels... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in ICU
Sleep is a fundamental physiological process essential for cognitive function, immune modulation, tissue repair, and met... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM Fi
Smoke Inhalation Injury
Comprehensive CICM Second Part topic on smoke inhalation injury covering pathophysiology, carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning, airway management, and ICU treatment strategies for burn patients with evidence-based...
Sodium Disorders: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
Acute symptomatic hyponatremia: Hypertonic saline (3%) 100-150 mL bolus over 10-20 minutes... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Second Part Hot Case exam prepar
Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Anatomy
Define/Describe - Overview of spinal cord structure and boundaries... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Status Epilepticus
For the CICM Second Part Examination, candidates must demonstrate:... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
STEMI Management in ICU
Comprehensive CICM Second Part clinical guide to STEMI Management in the ICU, covering reperfusion strategies (primary PCI vs fibrinolysis), antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, mechanical complications,...
Stress Response and Critical Illness
The stress response to critical illness is a coordinated neuroendocrine-metabolic-inflammatory cascade designed for short-term survival. The HPA axis releases cortisol (essential for vascular tone and...
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critical Care
Stress-Related Mucosal Disease (SRMD): Distinct from peptic ulcer disease; caused by splanchnic hypoperfusion, mucosa... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Early aneurysm securing within 24-72 hours (coiling or clipping) to prevent rebleeding (4% within 24 hours, 50% withi... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Symptom Management in Palliative Care
Palliative care symptom management requires a systematic approach to physical, psychological, and spiritual distress. Pa... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Teaching and Supervision in ICU
Knowles' Andragogy (1984): Adults learn differently from children - they need to know why, are self-directed, bring e... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Telemedicine in Intensive Care (Tele-ICU)
Tele-ICU provides intensivist expertise to hospitals lacking 24/7 specialist coverage, reducing mortality by 15-25% a... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Temperature Regulation
Temperature regulation is a fundamental homeostatic mechanism that maintains core body temperature within a narrow range... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Critical Care
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) involves the measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids to optimize pharm... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow
Thermoregulation Pathology
Define/Describe - Normal thermoregulation, hypothalamic control... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Thoracentesis
"Describe the technique for diagnostic thoracentesis, including patient positioning, site selection, ultrasound guidance, and Z-track method" (10 marks) "A patient with pneumonia develops a pleural effusion. The...
Thoracic Anatomy
Define/Describe - Overview of thoracic boundaries and contents... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
TTP is defined by severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (below 10%) - this distinguishes it from other TMAs and predicts respons... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Thyroid Storm
Diagnose thyroid storm using Burch-Wartofsky Point Scale (≥45 = storm)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Toxic Alcohol Poisoning (Methanol and Ethylene Glycol)
ADH inhibition - Fomepizole (preferred) or ethanol to prevent formation of toxic metabolites ... CICM Second Part, CICM Primary exam preparation.
Tracheostomy
Timing of tracheostomy: TracMan trial, early vs late... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Transport Equipment for Critical Care
CICM IC-1 Guideline: Minimum standards require appropriate personnel (trained in transport medicine), equipment (vent... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with severity classified by Glasgow C... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose
Sodium bicarbonate 1-2 mmol/kg IV bolus for QRS greater than 100 ms or hypotension (target pH 7.50-7.55)... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Ultrasound in ICU
Ultrasound Physics: Frequency (2-15 MHz) determines penetration and resolution trade-off. Higher frequency = better r... CICM Second Part Written, CICM Secon
Upper Airway Anatomy
Define/Describe - Overview of upper airway divisions and boundaries... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Resuscitation: Two large-bore IV cannulae, crystalloid bolus, restrictive transfusion strategy (Hb target 70 g/L in m... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Valvular Emergencies in ICU
Acute aortic regurgitation does not allow time for LV dilatation and compensation; presents with severe pulmonary oed... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Vascular Access Anatomy
Define/Describe - Anatomy of the specific access site... CICM First Part Written SAQ, CICM First Part Written MCQ exam preparation.
Vasopressors & Inotropes
Define - What is a vasopressor? What is an inotrope?... CICM First Part Written, CICM First Part Viva exam preparation.
Ventilator Waveform Interpretation
Ventilator waveform analysis is essential for optimizing mechanical ventilation, detecting patient-ventilator dyssynchro... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
Definition: VAP occurs ≥48 hours after intubation; early-onset (below 5 days) vs late-onset (≥5 days) determines micr... CICM Second Part, ANZICS exam prepar
Ventricular Arrhythmias in ICU
Comprehensive CICM Second Part clinical guide to Ventricular Arrhythmias in ICU, covering VT/VF classification, pathophysiology (re-entry, triggered activity, automaticity), Torsades de Pointes, Brugada syndrome,...
Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) in ICU
Comprehensive guide to ventricular assist devices in critically ill patients, including indications (bridge to transplant, recovery, destination therapy), INTERMACS profiles 1-7, device types (HeartMate 3, HVAD,...
VTE Prophylaxis in ICU
All ICU patients need VTE prophylaxis: Near-universal high risk due to immobility, critical illness, CVC, mechanical ... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
VV-ECMO for Respiratory Failure
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a salvage therapy for severe acute respiratory distress syn... CICM Second Part, EDIC exam preparat
Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
Weaning (or "liberation") from mechanical ventilation is the process of transitioning a mechanically ventilated patient ... CICM Second Part exam preparation.
Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy
Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WOLST) is the deliberate discontinuation of interventions that sustain life when ... CICM Fellowship Written, CICM Fellow