Low back pain: when it is common and when it is an emergency
Low back pain is very common and often improves over time, but some features need urgent assessment—especially new weakness, bladder or bowel changes, fever, trauma, or unexplained weight loss.
When to get urgent help
- New bladder or bowel dysfunction, saddle numbness, or rapidly worsening leg weakness
- Severe pain after major trauma, or pain with fever or cancer history
- Unexplained weight loss, night pain, or systemic illness
What to expect
- Most mechanical back pain improves with movement, time, and simple pain relief.
- Imaging is not needed for everyone and is usually reserved for red flags or persistent severe symptoms.
- Sciatica can cause pain, tingling, or numbness that runs down the leg.
Simple self-care and follow-up points
- Keep gently mobile rather than staying in bed for long periods.
- Use simple analgesia and heat if appropriate.
- Seek review if pain is severe, persistent, or linked with nerve symptoms.